Trigger Finger

Trigger Finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) occurs when the flexor tendon of your finger or thumb becomes inflamed and catches as you try to straighten your digit.

Trigger Finger

What is Trigger Finger?

Trigger Finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) occurs when the flexor tendon of your finger or thumb becomes inflamed and catches as you try to straighten your digit. It often locks (or ‘triggers’) in a bent position before snapping back straight, sometimes causing pain and stiffness.

Anatomy: Flexor Tendons & Pulley System

Your flexor tendons run along the palm side of your hand, passing through a series of pulleys—like guide rings—that keep them close to the bones. In Trigger Finger, the tendon sheath becomes irritated, narrowing the pulley and making smooth tendon movement difficult.

How Do Patients Present?

  • Clicking or popping when bending the affected finger or thumb
  • Locking in a bent position, often requiring the other hand to straighten it
  • Pain or tenderness at the base of the finger or thumb, especially in the morning
  • Symptoms may worsen with activity and improve with rest

How Is Trigger Finger Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on your history and a physical exam. The doctor will listen for the characteristic catching or popping and feel for tenderness over the affected tendon sheath. Imaging (like ultrasound) is rarely needed unless another condition is suspected.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Management

  • Rest & Splinting: Keeping the finger straight with a splint may relieve irritation
  • NSAIDs: Anti-inflammatory medications can reduce swelling
  • Steroid Injection: A local cortisone injection into the tendon sheath often provides excellent relief—especially for early or mild cases

Surgical Treatment

If symptoms persist or return:
  • Trigger Finger Release: A small incision is made at the base of the finger or thumb. The tight pulley is released so the tendon can move smoothly again
  • This is usually a day-only procedure

What to Expect After Surgery

  • Light dressing and gentle use of the finger is encouraged immediately
  • Stitches typically removed in 10–14 days
  • A supervised therapist will guide you through gentle exercises to regain motion
  • Full recovery generally occurs within 4–6 weeks, with most patients regaining normal function and flexibility

Success Rate & Risks

Most patients achieve excellent outcomes, with complete relief of locking and pain.
Possible complications (though rare) include:
  • Persistent stiffness or swelling
  • Infection
  • Nerve irritation
  • Recurrence of symptoms if tendon sheath thickens again

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