Ulnar Nerve Compression
What is Ulnar Nerve Compression?
Ulnar nerve compression (sometimes called Cubital Tunnel Syndrome) occurs when the ulnar nerve—which runs along the inner side of the elbow—is compressed or irritated. This condition often causes numbness, tingling, or weakness in the hand and fingers, particularly the ring and little fingers. In more advanced cases, muscle wasting and loss of grip strength can occur.
Anatomy & Causes
The ulnar nerve travels from the neck, down the arm, and around the inside of the elbow (the “funny bone” region) through a narrow passage called the cubital tunnel. Compression or stretching of the nerve in this area can result from:
- Frequent elbow bending or prolonged leaning on the elbow
- Elbow fractures or arthritis narrowing the tunnel
- Thickened ligaments or surrounding soft tissue
- Repetitive activities or workplace stress
Common Symptoms
- Numbness and tingling in the ring and little fingers
- Hand weakness or difficulty gripping objects
- Pain or aching on the inside of the elbow
- Symptoms worsening at night or with prolonged elbow flexion
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually made through a clinical examination. Your surgeon may check sensation, strength, and perform specific manoeuvres to reproduce symptoms. Nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) can be used to confirm the site and severity of compression.
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Management
- Activity modification (avoiding prolonged elbow flexion or pressure on the elbow)
- Night splints to keep the elbow straight
- Physiotherapy to maintain joint mobility and strength
- Anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
Surgical Treatment
When conservative measures fail, surgery may be required to relieve pressure on the nerve. Options include:
- Ulnar Nerve Decompression: Releasing the tight tissue around the nerve.
- Ulnar Nerve Transposition: Moving the nerve to a new position at the elbow to reduce ongoing irritation.
Surgery is usually performed as a day procedure, with most patients experiencing significant symptom relief.
Post-Surgery Care
- Gentle range-of-motion exercises are encouraged soon after surgery.
- Stitches are typically removed after 10–14 days.
- Physiotherapy may assist with strengthening and recovery.
- Return to light activities usually occurs within a few weeks.
Risks & Outcomes
Most patients achieve excellent results, but risks may include:
- Persistent numbness or weakness (if nerve damage was advanced pre-surgery)
- Scar tenderness
- Rarely, recurrent symptoms requiring further treatment
Need More Information?
If you are experiencing numbness, tingling, or weakness in your hand or arm, our team at Orthopaedics WA can help. Please contact us to book a consultation.
